Complete Guide to Squid and Cuttlefish Fishing: Techniques, Equipment, and Practical Tips

Complete Guide to Cuttlefish and Squid Fishing: Techniques, Tips, and Curiosities

Fishing for cuttlefish and squid is one of the most fascinating experiences for sea fishing enthusiasts a perfect blend of sporting challenge and culinary delight. These cephalopods, undisputed stars of Mediterranean cuisine, are renowned not only for their delicate and versatile flavor but also for their unique, dynamic behavior, making them exciting and unpredictable catches.

Characterized by swift movements, remarkable camouflage abilities, and extraordinary intelligence, cuttlefish and squid require specific fishing techniques and careful attention to detail. Their capture involves a technical yet patient approach, turning every sea outing into an adventure of observation, strategy, and respect for the marine ecosystem.

In this comprehensive guide, I’ll walk you through everything you need to know to successfully fish for cuttlefish and squid from the most effective techniques and ideal gear to the best fishing spots and the intriguing facts that make this practice even more captivating. Whether you’re a beginner eager to learn or an experienced angler looking for fresh insights, you’ll find practical advice and in-depth information to enhance your fishing experience while also respecting the marine environment that offers us these wonders.

What Are Cuttlefish and Squid?

Before diving into fishing techniques, it's essential to better understand these fascinating sea creatures their behavior, habitat, and feeding habits all of which directly influence fishing success.

Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)

Cuttlefish belong to the cephalopod family and are characterized by a relatively elongated and flat body that contains an internal cartilaginous structure known as the "cuttlebone" or "pen." This bone provides support and rigidity, helping the cuttlefish maintain its shape during movement.

These mollusks are famous for their extraordinary ability to change color thanks to specialized cells called chromatophores. They use this ability both for camouflage on the seafloor and to communicate with other individuals.

Cuttlefish primarily inhabit sandy or muddy seabeds, often near seagrass meadows like Posidonia oceanica, where they find shelter and abundant food. They are benthic animals meaning they live on or near the ocean floor—and move slowly but with great precision to catch prey such as small fish and crustaceans.

Squid (Family Loliginidae)

Squid, also cephalopods, have a more elongated and slender body compared to cuttlefish. Their side fins run almost the entire length of the mantle, giving them agility and speed in the water. They are active and agile predators, known to hunt both alone and in large schools.

Squid prefer open waters and can dive to greater depths than cuttlefish. They are often found in transitional areas between sandy bottoms and deeper waters, where currents help concentrate prey.

Like cuttlefish, squid are masters of camouflage and can release a cloud of ink when threatened. They are nocturnal creatures, highly active during twilight and nighttime ideal times for fishing.

When to Fish for Cuttlefish and Squid

The best time to fish for cuttlefish and squid can vary depending on the geographical location and local marine conditions. However, there are generally certain seasons and time frames that offer a higher chance of success.

Ideal Seasons

Spring and summer are commonly regarded as the prime seasons for cuttlefish and squid fishing. As water temperatures rise, these cephalopods become more active and move closer to the coast for feeding and reproduction. Peak catches are typically recorded during these months, especially in the late afternoon and evening hours.

In autumn, although their activity tends to decline, it’s still possible to achieve good catches particularly in the early weeks of the season, when the water is still relatively warm. As winter approaches, cuttlefish and squid tend to move to deeper, less accessible waters.

Best Times of Day

Night fishing is by far the most productive for cuttlefish and squid. These creatures come closer to shore at night to feed, often attracted by artificial lights from boats or harbors, which draw in small fish and plankton their natural prey. The hours just after sunset and just before sunrise are prime fishing times, as the cephalopods are most active and reduced visibility makes it easier to catch them.

Influence of Environmental Conditions

Other factors such as the moon phase, tides, and water temperature also play an important role. New moon or waning moon nights are often preferred by fishermen, as the lower light levels encourage more predatory behavior in cuttlefish and squid. Rising tides are particularly favorable, as they help draw these animals closer to the shore.

Where to Fish for Cuttlefish and Squid

Knowing the preferred habitats of cuttlefish and squid is essential to increase your chances of a successful catch. While these cephalopods share some characteristics, they have slightly different preferences when it comes to habitat and seabeds.

Cuttlefish Habitat

Cuttlefish thrive in coastal waters with sandy or muddy bottoms, where they can easily dig in and hide. They are especially drawn to Posidonia oceanica meadows—true “underwater gardens” that offer both shelter and abundant food. Shallow rocky areas, rich in crevices and submerged rocks, are also excellent spots, as they provide camouflage and protection from predators.

Squid Habitat

Squid prefer slightly different environments. They are often found near deep rocky cliffs and rough seabeds, where they can hunt with speed and agility. As more mobile predators, squid also roam more open waters, especially at night, when they move closer to shorelines lit by artificial lights such as lighthouses, piers, or boats. These lights attract small fish and plankton, creating a veritable nighttime “buffet” for squid.

Top Fishing Spots in Italy

Sicilian Coasts

• Areas: Trapani, Palermo, Syracuse
• Features: Shallow cliffs, sandy bottoms, Posidonia meadows
• Notes: Great for both cuttlefish and squid, especially in spring and summer

Sardinian Coasts

• Areas: North Coast (Alghero, Stintino), South Coast (Cagliari, Villasimius)
• Features: Rocky and sandy bottoms, clear waters rich in marine life
• Notes: Ideal for both species, often near marine protected areas

Adriatic Sea

• Areas: Lagoons of Grado and Marano, coasts of Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, and Marche
• Features: Sandy bottoms, port and lagoon areas
• Notes: Very popular for cuttlefish fishing, especially active in summer

Tyrrhenian Coast

• Areas: Liguria, Tuscany (Elba Island), Lazio (Castelporziano, Ponza)
• Features: Rocky cliffs and seabeds, nighttime port lighting
• Notes: Good mix for both species, especially during night fishing

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)

• Examples: Capo Caccia MPA (Sardinia), Torre Guaceto MPA (Puglia), Egadi Islands MPA (Sicily)
• Features: High biodiversity, well-preserved waters
• Important Note: Always check local regulations—many MPAs have restrictions on fishing activities.

Most Effective Fishing Techniques for Cuttlefish and Squid

Egi Fishing (Squid Jigging)

Egi fishing, also known as the squid jigging technique, is by far the most popular and widely used method for catching cuttlefish and squid. This technique involves the use of specialized artificial lures called egi or squid jigs, designed to mimic the appearance and movements of small fish or shrimp the natural prey of these cephalopods.

 

How Does It Work?

The egi is cast out and retrieved with an alternating motion that simulates the swimming action of a small marine animal. This movement catches the attention of cuttlefish and squid, stimulating them to strike the lure. The key feature of this technique is its dynamism: the angler must vary the speed and rhythm of retrieval to adapt to the behavior of the target and the water conditions.

 

When to Use It?

Egi fishing is particularly effective during the evening and night hours, when cuttlefish and squid move closer to the shore to hunt. Using artificial lights can increase cephalopod activity, drawing them into the fishing zone.

 

Recommended Gear for Cuttlefish and Squid Fishing

To achieve satisfying results in cuttlefish and squid fishing, it’s essential to carefully choose your equipment, optimizing for sensitivity, lightness, and functionality.

Fishing Rods

Use lightweight and highly sensitive rods specifically designed for egi fishing. These rods, typically ranging from 2.1 to 3 meters in length, allow you to detect even the slightest touches from cephalopods, which can be very subtle. Sensitivity is crucial for knowing when a cuttlefish or squid is attacking the lure, so you can set the hook at the right moment. A lightweight rod also reduces fatigue during long fishing sessions.

Reels

The ideal pairing is with medium-small reels that offer smooth and precise retrieval. A good reel should allow for seamless line release and retrieval to ensure consistent, controlled egi movement without snags. A reel that retrieves line effortlessly also helps you maintain the correct rhythm during your casts.

Egi (Squid Jigs)

Artificial lures known as egi or totanare are the heart of this technique. It’s important to have a varied selection in both size (typically from 2.5 to 4 inches) and color, to adapt to different environmental conditions:

• Natural or translucent tones work best in clear, sunny waters, realistically imitating small fish or shrimp.
• Bright or fluorescent colors are more effective in murky water or at night, as they stand out more and catch the cephalopods’ attention.
• Some egi even come with built-in LEDs or reflective elements, which can enhance their attractiveness in low-light conditions.

Other Useful Accessories

• Fishing Line: Thin but strong lines such as monofilament or braided lines with diameters around 0.15–0.20 mm are recommended. They reduce water visibility while ensuring enough strength.
• Hooks: Egi lures come equipped with multiple barbless hooks (crowns), but it's important to check their quality and replace them if necessary to ensure an effective hookset.
• Underwater Lights or Torches: Useful for night fishing, they help attract cephalopods toward the fishing area.

Fun Fact

In Japan the birthplace of egi fishing—this technique is considered almost an art form, with lures and gear designed down to the finest details. In Italy, many enthusiasts are rediscovering the appeal of this method thanks to its effectiveness and the immersive, active fishing experience it offers.

2. Hand Fishing and Cuttlefish Nets: Traditional Methods with Ancient Charm

In addition to rod and squid jig techniques, there are traditional methods deeply rooted in Italian coastal and lagoon communities: hand fishing and fishing with cuttlefish nets. Still practiced today in certain areas, these methods offer a more direct and authentic approach to catching these fascinating cephalopods.

Hand Fishing

Hand fishing requires patience, skill, and a solid understanding of cuttlefish behavior. This technique is mostly practiced at night, when cephalopods approach the shore to feed, often attracted by artificial lights. Using a powerful flashlight, the fisherman locates the cuttlefish hidden among rocks or in the seagrass (Posidonia) and, with slow and precise movements, attempts to catch it by hand.

This technique is particularly environmentally friendly, as it causes no damage to the seabed and allows for selective catching of specimens. However, it demands experience and agility, as well as a good knowledge of the area and the animals’ habits cuttlefish are masters of camouflage and capable of quick escapes.

 

Fishing with the Cuttlefish Net

The rete da seppia (cuttlefish net) is a type of traditional trawl net, used in specific areas especially in lagoons, canals, and coastal zones with shallow sandy bottoms. This small-sized net is manually dragged or pulled by small boats near the shore to catch cuttlefish moving along the bottom.

This method requires skill and coordination, as careful movement is necessary to avoid damaging the marine ecosystem and to maximize the catch without waste. Additionally, it is subject to regional regulations aimed at preserving cuttlefish populations and protecting natural habitats.

 

These traditional methods are not only a valid alternative to modern techniques, but also a way to connect more deeply with nature and the ancient traditions of Mediterranean fishing. Trying them can greatly enrich the angling experience, turning each outing into a moment of discovery and respect for the sea.

3. Fishing with Natural Bait: The Authentic Call of the Sea

For those who prefer a more traditional and natural approach, fishing with real bait is one of the most effective and rewarding techniques for catching cuttlefish and squid. Using live or fresh bait taps into the predatory instincts of these cephalopods, irresistibly attracting them with authentic scents, movements, and colors.

Types of Natural Bait

The most common baits include small pieces of fish, fresh shrimp, or live baby squid, carefully attached to a single hook or specialized rigs designed to enhance their natural movement in the water. The scent and swimming action of live bait stimulate the attention and aggressiveness of cuttlefish and squid, significantly increasing the chances of a successful catch.

Best Times and Conditions

This technique is typically used during nighttime or twilight hours, when cephalopods approach the shoreline to feed. The use of underwater lights or lamps can be very effective in attracting plankton and small prey, creating an ideal microenvironment that draws in squid and cuttlefish.

Rigs and Gear

Rigs for natural bait often consist of a sturdy but thin hook, sometimes paired with small sinkers to ensure proper sinking, and may include a small swivel to prevent the bait from tangling with the gear. The equipment should be balanced: light rods and reels with adjustable drag systems help detect the subtle touches typical of these animals.

Advantages of Fishing with Natural Bait

Compared to artificial lures, natural bait can be more appealing, especially in very clear waters or during periods of low activity, when cephalopods are more cautious. Additionally, using genuine bait often allows for more selective targeting, reducing accidental catches of unwanted species.

Recommended Gear for Cuttlefish and Squid Fishing

To successfully target cuttlefish and squid, it’s essential to use specialized equipment designed to ensure sensitivity, precision, and durability. Below is a detailed breakdown of the key tools that will enhance your chances of success and make your fishing experience more enjoyable and productive.

Fishing Rods

The ideal rods are light to medium action, typically ranging in length from 2.1 to 3 meters. They should be flexible enough to detect the subtle bites typical of cephalopods, yet strong and resilient enough to allow efficient retrieval without breaking or causing excessive strain. Rods specifically designed for egi fishing offer a great balance between sensitivity and power.

Reels

Opt for small, lightweight reels with a spacious and well-balanced spool. A smooth and reliable retrieval system is essential for effectively handling the fight, as squid and cuttlefish are often fast and unpredictable. The reels should be compatible with thin but strong lines, and preferably equipped with an adjustable drag to avoid breakage during sudden pulls.

Fishing Line

The choice of line largely depends on the size of the cephalopods you're targeting. Most anglers use monofilament or braided lines with diameters ranging from 0.10 to 0.18 mm. Braided line offers greater sensitivity and strength, ideal for more challenging fishing conditions or waters with obstacles, while monofilament provides more stretch and shock absorption.

Egi and Squid Jigs (Totanare)

Artificial lures known as egi or totanare come in a wide variety of sizes—typically from 2.5 to 4.0—and many color options. The choice of size and color should be based on water clarity, lighting conditions, and season:

• Use natural and subtle colors in clear water.
• Use bright and fluorescent colors in murky water or at night.
  Many lures include reflective or glow-in-the-dark inserts to increase their appeal in low-light conditions.

Fishing Lights

During night fishing, lights are essential. LED or incandescent lamps placed near the water surface attract plankton and small organisms, creating a food-rich environment that draws in cuttlefish and squid. Choose water-resistant, easily mountable lights, preferably with adjustable brightness.

Protective Gloves

Wearing gloves is recommended not only for a better grip on your catch but also to protect your hands from ink stains and the sharp parts of cuttlefish, such as their beak. Neoprene or anti-slip technical gloves are ideal for comfort and safety while handling these animals.

With the right setup, your cuttlefish and squid fishing outings will be more efficient, enjoyable, and successful whether you're a beginner or an experienced angler.

Fascinating Facts About the World of Cuttlefish and Squid

The world of cuttlefish and squid is full of amazing traits that make them some of the most intriguing and mysterious cephalopods in the sea. Beyond being prized catches for anglers, these animals hold true biological and behavioral “secrets” that are worth discovering.

Cuttlefish: Masters of Camouflage

Cuttlefish possess an extremely advanced nervous system and skin that acts like a living canvas. Thanks to special cells called chromatophores, they can change color, patterns, and even texture in a matter of seconds. This incredible camouflage ability is not only used to hide from predators but also to communicate with other cuttlefish or intimidate threats.

Ink: A Brilliant Defense Mechanism

Both cuttlefish and squid can eject a jet of dark ink when they feel threatened. This ink, a complex mixture of pigments and chemicals, creates a "cloud" that confuses predators, allowing the cephalopod to escape quickly. Historically, humans have even used this ink for writing and painting.

Squid: The Speedsters of the Sea

Squid are among the fastest swimmers among marine mollusks, capable of reaching speeds up to 40 km/h (25 mph) in short bursts. They move using jet propulsion, forcefully expelling water from their body cavity. This skill is crucial for both hunting and evading predators.

The Importance of Sustainable Fishing

With increasing pressure on marine life, practicing responsible fishing is essential. Experts recommend catch-and-release, especially for smaller specimens, to support natural growth and reproduction. This approach helps preserve the balance of the marine ecosystem and ensures future generations can continue enjoying the richness and variety of cephalopods.

More Fun Facts

• Cuttlefish can vary significantly in size, from just a few centimeters to over 50 cm.
• Squid often live in large schools, a behavior that helps with both hunting and defense.
• Both species have a parrot-like beak, perfect for breaking the shells of their prey.

 

Practical Tips for Beginners in Cuttlefish and Squid Fishing

If you’re just starting out with cuttlefish and squid fishing, there are some key strategies that can make the difference between a successful day and a frustrating one. Here are the most useful tips to get started on the right foot:

1. Gear Up Properly

Make sure to use light, sensitive rods, smooth-retrieving reels, and a variety of egi (squid jigs) in different sizes and colors. The right gear helps you feel even the softest bites and respond quickly.

2. Study Your Fishing Spot

Before heading out, learn about the seafloor conditions, whether there are posidonia meadows or rocky areas, and check the local fishing regulations. Knowing the habitat where cuttlefish and squid hide greatly increases your chances.

3. Read the Water and Conditions

Cuttlefish and squid are more active in calm or slightly choppy water, usually during evening or nighttime. Learn to read wave movement, wind direction, and tide cycles to plan your outings at the best times.

4. Choose the Right Egi Color

Match your lure color to water conditions:

• In clear water, use natural, translucent shades that mimic local shrimp or small fish.

• In murky or rough water, go for bright, fluorescent, or reflective colors to catch the cephalopods’ attention.

5. Be Patient and Respect Nature

Fishing for squid and cuttlefish requires patience, focus, and time. Avoid frantic casting and retrieving a gentle, deliberate approach improves your success. Always respect the sea and ecosystem by avoiding damage to the seafloor or disturbing the habitat.

6. Learn from Local Fishermen

Don’t underestimate the value of local knowledge. A conversation with experienced fishermen can give you valuable insights into timing, techniques, and hidden fishing spots.

7. Safety First

If fishing from rocks or boats, wear non-slip shoes, a life jacket, and always be aware of weather and sea conditions. Safety is especially important for night fishing.

 

Fishing for cuttlefish and squid is much more than just a sport—it’s a journey into a fascinating and dynamic underwater world. This practice combines technical skill, patience, and a deep love for the sea, teaching us to respect and protect a delicate and precious ecosystem.

Every outing is an opportunity to improve, learn from your mistakes, and appreciate the subtle behaviors of these intelligent, swift, and camouflaged creatures. Whether you're a seasoned angler looking for a new challenge or a beginner eager to explore, squid and cuttlefish fishing will reward you with true excitement, discovery, and satisfaction.

Always remember to follow local regulations and fish responsibly, preserving biodiversity so future generations can enjoy these amazing marine experiences.

So, prepare your gear carefully, choose your perfect spot, and let yourself be captivated by the night dance of squid and cuttlefish in crystal-clear waters. The sea awaits with surprises and unforgettable adventures.